Which description matches arteries affected by atherosclerosis?

• A. They harden and narrow
• B. They widen
• C. They become more elastic
• D. They stop producing cholesterol

Answer: (A)

Atherosclerosis involves plaques forming inside artery walls, which makes them thicker and stiffer. As these plaques build up, the arterial wall loses elasticity and the opening (lumen) through which blood flows becomes narrower. That combination of hardening and narrowing is what characterizes arteries affected by this condition, leading to reduced blood flow and higher risk of cardiovascular problems. The idea of widening or becoming more elastic doesn’t fit, and stopping cholesterol production isn’t how the disease works—the process actually revolves around cholesterol-containing plaques accumulating in the artery walls.