Which condition is linked with high risk of CHD, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke and cancer?

• A. Anaemia
• B. Tooth decay
• C. Obesity
• D. Osteoporosis

Answer: (C)

Obesity—the excess of body fat—drives metabolic and inflammatory changes that raise the risk of several serious diseases. Excess fat, especially around the abdomen, promotes insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. It also affects the heart and blood vessels, contributing to high blood pressure and abnormal blood lipid levels, which increase the chances of coronary heart disease and stroke. Fat tissue releases inflammatory substances and hormones that can promote cell growth and cancer risk, helping explain the link to certain cancers. Because of these interconnected effects, obesity is strongly associated with the listed conditions.

Anaemia is a low red blood cell or hemoglobin issue and isn’t a primary driver of those chronic diseases. Tooth decay stems from diet and bacteria in the mouth and doesn’t directly explain risk for CHD, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, or cancer. Osteoporosis involves bone density loss and has different risk factors and health consequences, not the broad disease risks described here.